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Scandinavia is a large region of Northern europe that is mainly made up of the Scandinavian Peninsula. As such, it includes the countries of Norway and Sweden. In addition, Denmark, Finland and Iceland are also included in Scandinavia. Geographically, the Scandinavian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in Europe and it extends from above the Arctic Circle at 66.5°N latitude south to the North and Baltic Seas.

The following is a list of the five countries comprising Scandinavia and a little bit of information about each of them. All information was obtained from the Central Intelligence Agency's World Factbook.

NORWAY FLAG

Norway is located in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula between the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. It has an area of 125,020 square miles (323,802 sq km) and 15,626 miles (25,148 km) of coastline. Norway's topography is varied with high plateaus and rugged, glaciated mountain ranges that are separated by fertile valleys and plains. It also has a rugged coastline that is made up of many fjords. Its climate is temperate along the coast due to the North Atlantic Current, while inland it is cold and wet.

Norway has a population 4,676,305 (July 2010 estimate) and its capital city is Oslo. Its economy is growing and it is based mainly on industries like petroleum and gas, shipbuilding and fishing.

SWEDEN FLAG

Sweden is also located in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It is bordered to the west by Norway and Finland to the east and it is along the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Bothnia. Sweden covers an area of 173,860 square miles (450,295 sq km) and it has 1,999 miles (3,218 km) of coastline. The topography of Sweden flat to rolling lowlands as well as mountains in its western areas near Norway. Its highest point, Kebnekaise at 6,926 feet (2,111 m) is located there. The climate of Sweden is temperate in the south and subarctic in the north.

The capital and largest city in Sweden is Stockholm which is located on its east coast. Sweden has a population of 9,074,055 (July 2010 estimate). It also has a strong, developed economy.

DENMARK FLAG

Denmark is located in Northern Europe north of Germany. It has coastlines which cover 4,545 miles (7,314 km) that are along the Baltic and North Seas. The total land area of Denmark is 16,638 square miles (43,094 sq km). This area includes the mainland of Denmark as well as two large islands that are called Sjaelland and Fyn. The topography of Denmark consists mostly of low and flat plains. The highest point in Denmark is Mollehoj/Ejer Bavnehoj at 561 feet (171 m), while its lowest point is Lammefjord at -23 feet (-7 m). The climate of Denmark is mainly temperate and it has cool but humid summers and windy, mild winters.

The capital of Denmark is Copenhagen and the country has a population of 5,515,575 (July 2010 estimate).

FINLAND FLAG

Finland is a Northern European country that is located between Sweden and Russia and northern border with Norway. It covers a total land area of 130,558 square miles (338,145 sq km) and has 776 miles (1,250 km) of coastline. Finland has coasts along Baltic Sea, the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland. The topography of Finland consists of low rolling plains as well as many lakes. The highest point in Finland is Haltiatunturi at 4,357 feet (1,328 m). Finland's climate is cold temperate and as such, it is relatively mild despite its high latitude. This is due to the moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current and many lakes.

The population of Finland is 5,255,068 (July 2010 estimate) and its capital is Helsinki.

ICELAND FLAG

Iceland is an island nation located in Northern Europe just south of theArctic Circle. By most accounts it is considered a Scandinavian country. It has a total land area of 39,768 square miles (103,000 sq km) and a coastline that covers 3,088 miles (4,970 km). The topography of Iceland is varied and it is one of the most volcanic regions in the world. As such it has a rugged landscape with hot springs, sulphur beds, geysers, lava fields, canyons and waterfalls. There are also many active volcanoes in Iceland. Iceland's climate is temperate and it is moderated by the Gulf Stream. It has mild, windy winters and wet, cool summers.

The capital of Iceland is Reykjavik and its population is 308,910 (July 2010 estimate).

Climate Scandinavia

The climate of the Scandinavian 2000 metre mountains is typically maritime, and it is strongly influenced by Atlantic weather systems. West weather brings with it the associated fronts, and these are unfortunately the prevailing influence on weather in most westerly ranges like Breheimen and Hurrungane. Rondane is one the very east of the spine of mountains and consequently enjoys more of a continental climate. However, quite frequently a high pressure system over Scandinavia or the Norwegian/North Seas builds and this diverts the progress of the low pressures.

Spring

High pressure regularly builds in the spring and late April, and May and early June are often blessed with superb weather. However, night temperatures frequently fall below zero in the higher valleys, especially during periods of high pressure.

By the end of May the main valley floors are usually devoid of snow, but new snow can arrive at any time in May, and above 1500m any time in June also. Unless there has been an exceptionally heavy snowfall in the winter and spring May is the last opportunity to go ski touring or make ski ascents, and June is best avoided as it is a melting limbo-land of snow and bare patches.

Summer

The summer weather is more mixed than the usually reliable spring. However, there are at least two long periods where high pressure dominates for at least a week at a time during July and August, giving fantastic conditions in near 24 hour daylight. Temperatures during such conditions may exceed +30 celsius. However, already by the end of August a rogue front could leave some snow on the summits, although this usually melts rapidly.

Summer may rarely also see some thunder storms, usually in the late afternoon and evening. A humming ice axe on the rucksack is telling you to get off the ridge pronto.

If there is a westerly wind during the summer months it normally brings warmer moist air in with it. This travels along the fjords when it is forced to rise, condensing rapidly into a thick mist. If during a summer visit the forecast is only of persistent fronts coming in from the west, which to be fair is not that common, it might be worth considering spending some days in north or east Jotunheimen, or even Rondane, until the weather stabilises again, which it will.

Autumn & Winter

September and October can be fine months but will see the first of the winter storms and established snow on the mountains. By late October the weather deteriorates into snow storms and gales which often persist through to mid March. In addition there are very few hours of daylight.

Most of the snow tends to fall towards the end of winter when the gales are diminishing. This encourages an even snow cover to become established in March for later spring ski tours. The temperature is usually -10 to -15 celsius during winter but may drop to -30 celsius during the few periods of stable high pressure.

Geography and Climate of Sweden

Sweden is a northern European country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula. Its topography consists mainly of flat or gently rolling lowlands but there are mountains in its western areas near Norway. Its highest point, Kebnekaise at 6,926 feet (2,111 m) is located here. Sweden has three main rivers which all flow into the Gulf of Bothnia. They are the Ume, the Torne and the Angerman rivers. In addition, the largest lake in Western Europe (and the third largest in Europe), Vanern, is located in the southwestern part of the country.

The climate of Sweden varies based on location but it is mainly temperate in the south and subarctic in the north. In the south, summers are cool and partly cloudy, while winters are cold and usually very cloudy. Because northern Sweden is within the Arctic Circle, it has long, very cold winters. In addition, because of its northern latitude, much of Sweden stays dark for longer periods during the winter and light for more hours in the summer than more southern countries. Sweden's capital, Stockholm has a relatively mild climate because it is on the coast toward the southern part of the country. The average July high temperature in Stockholm is 71.4˚F (22˚C) and the average January low is 23˚F (-5˚C).

Geography And climate of denmark

Denmark is the smallest Scandinavian country, consisting of the Jutland peninsula, north ofGermany, and over 400 islands of various sizes, some inhabited and linked to the mainland by ferry or bridge. The landscape consists mainly of low-lying, fertile countryside broken by beech woods, small lakes and fjords. Greenland and the Faroe Islands are also under the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Denmark, although both have home rule. The Faroe Islands is a group of 18 islands in the North Atlantic inhabited by a population of 48,660 (2010), whose history dates back to the Viking period. Fishing and sheep farming are the two most important occupations. Tórshavn, the capital of the Faroes, is served by direct flights from Copenhagen. During the summer months, there are direct flights from Aberdeen and Glasgow, plus a ferry connection from Lerwick.

Official name:	Kingdom of Denmark
Capital:	Copenhagen
Area:	total: 43,094 sq km water: 700 sq km note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaelland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland land: 42,394 sq km
Climate:	temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers
Location:	Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes two major islands (Sjaelland and Fyn)
Geographic coordinates:	56 00 N, 10 00 E
Comparative Area:	slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts
Land boundaries:	total: 68 km border countries: Germany 68 km
Coastline:	7,314 km
Terrain:	low and flat to gently rolling plains
Elevation extremes:	lowest point: Lammefjord -7 m highest point: Yding Skovhoej 173 m

GEOGRAPYHCAL ATTRACTION IN SCANDINAVIA COUNTRIES

SWEDEN ATTRACTION

,,Djurgården

Djurgården is an island lying sideways to Skeppsholmen, which belongs to the eastern side of Stockholm. The word Djurgården means "Animal Garden" in Swedish, and the name originated from the fact that King Karl XI designated this area as the royal hunting grounds in the late 17th century. This is a popular area for both tourists and locals. Here you can both enjoy a museum visit as well as relaxing picnic in the park.

Kalmar

The ancient capital of the Baltic sea where the Kalmar alliance was forged.

A small port town facing the Baltic sea where, in 1397, the Kalmar alliance was signed. The Kalmar Castle (Kalmar Slott) still stands. There is a bridge to the adjacent Öland Island, making Kalmar a hub for travelling.

DENMARK

Dyrehaven Park

Dyrehaven Park offers a great combination of outdoor activities such as cycling, trekking and horse riding but it also holds Bakken amusement park, one of the oldest in the world. Dyrehaven is a popular retreat for both locals and tourists who seek a bit of tranquility.

Nearest station: Klampenborg

Access: 15 minutes by train from Copenhagen

Bornholm

Bornholm is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, located to the east of Denmark, the south of Sweden, and the north of Poland. Its principal town is Rønne. The main industries on the island include fishing, arts and crafts like glass making and pottery using locally worked clay, and dairy farming. Bicycling around on the island is a popular activity to do in the summer. You can also enjoy yachting, fishing and golf. Highlights include: Hammershus Castle ruins (Hammershus Ruiner), Bornholm Museum, and Østerlars Church (Østerlars Kirke).

København, nown to the rest of the world as Copenhagen, wonderful Copenhagen, became the capital of Denmark in 1415, but several of its fine old buildings date from the reign of King Christian IV, from the late 16th to the mid-17th century.

As well as being a great industrial and seafaring port, Copenhagen is one of Europe's most graceful cities with its copper spires and domes punctuating the skyline above the narrow streets and canals of the old town or poking up out of the greenery of its many parks. Only the foundations rkemain of the first castle, built by Bishop Absalon in 1167, in the cellars of Christiansborg Palace, seat of the Folketinget, the Danish Parliament, rebuilt for the third time on the same site in 1907–28.

Although Copenhagen became Denmark’s capital in the early 15th century, much of its expansion and several of its finest buildings date from the reign of King Christian IV in the 17th century. The city has had its share of sieges and fires, and the majority of the oldest surviving buildings are from after the last great fire of 1795. Bombardment by the English in 1807, during Denmark's alliance with Napoleon, also caused much destruction.

Most of the city’s main sights lie within walking distance of the railway station off the
Vesterbrogade Copenhagen’s famous family pleasure ground, Tivoli, with its thrilling
rides, beautiful gardens, restaurants, and sophisticated shows. Its opening on May 1 marks the official beginning of summer for the city’s residents. Not far from Tivoli is another famous fun spot, Benneweis Circus which opens around April

greenland

Greenland, the world's largest island with an area of 840,000 square miles, is larger than the combined area of Spain, France, Germany, and Italy.

From Cape Farewell in the south to Cape Morris Jesup in the north is 1,650 miles, and the greatest width is 690 miles. From the northernmost point it’s but 439 miles to the North Pole. Of its vast surface 86 percent is covered by the inland ice cap, which reaches heights up to 10,000 feet. The ice averages about 5,000 feet thick. At the edges it’s usually some 100 feet above sea level and throws off icebergs from its glaciers directly into the sea or into the in-reaching bays and fjords which indent the coast. Some of these more southerly glaciers move at speeds of 65 to 125 feet per day.

Atop the ice sheet the temperatures are always low, but in the coastal regions there’s great variation. Within the month of February, the town of Upernivik has had temperatures as high as 60 degrees Fahrenheit and as low as -44 degrees. Precipitation varies from as little as six inches per year at Danmarkshavn to as much as forty-six inches at Ivigtut, and it’s almost all snow.

Current life on the island has come from the West, both the sparse flora and the animal life of land and sea–reindeer, fox, caribou, polar bear, whales, seal, ptarmigan, even the native Greenlanders, whose Eskimo ancestors came across from northern Canada.

In two areas an ice-free coastal strip is wide enough and conditions favorable enough so that people can live in small settlements of people can exist. In West Greenland, really the southern stretch of the west coast, the ice retreats as much as 95 miles from the shore, and in some places islands dot the coast. In East Greenland, about one-third of the total ice-free land, it’s 186 miles from sea to ice at Scoresby Sound. The land is even more rugged here than in the west, with many peaks towering over 6000 feet.

Along these two coastal strips a population of some 48,000 scatters itself in small communities–a few Eskimo, a few Danes, and a mixture of the two called Greenlanders.

THE IMPORTANCE OF GEOGRAPHYCAL PHYSICAL AND CLIMAX FOR SCANDINAVIA TOURISM

*to attract tourist found another countries come to scandinavia country.
*to attract the researcher to researce their geographycal region and climate.
*the climate difference from other countries made that interest so,tourist want to comes
*to make sure the economy stable
*increase the tourist

WELCOME TO OUR TOURISM GEOGRAPHY WORLD ^_^

Thursday, 28 February 2013

CENTRAL EUROPE

scandinavia