Scandinavia
is a large region of Northern europe that is mainly made up of the Scandinavian Peninsula.
As such, it includes the countries of Norway and Sweden. In addition, Denmark,
Finland and Iceland are also included in Scandinavia.
Geographically, the Scandinavian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in Europe
and it extends from above the Arctic
Circle at 66.5°N latitude south to the North and Baltic Seas.
The
following is a list of the five countries comprising Scandinavia and a little
bit of information about each of them. All information was obtained from the Central Intelligence Agency's World Factbook.
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| NORWAY FLAG
Norway is located
in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula between the North Sea and the
North Atlantic Ocean. It has an area of 125,020 square miles (323,802 sq km)
and 15,626 miles (25,148 km) of coastline. Norway's topography is varied with
high plateaus and rugged, glaciated mountain ranges that are separated by
fertile valleys and plains. It also has a rugged coastline that is made up of
many fjords. Its climate is temperate along the coast due to the North Atlantic
Current, while inland it is cold and wet.
Norway has a population 4,676,305
(July 2010 estimate) and its capital city is Oslo. Its economy is growing and
it is based mainly on industries like petroleum and gas, shipbuilding and
fishing.
SWEDEN FLAG
Sweden is also
located in Northern Europe on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It is bordered to the
west by Norway and Finland to the east and it is along the Baltic Sea and the
Gulf of Bothnia. Sweden covers an area of 173,860 square miles (450,295 sq km)
and it has 1,999 miles (3,218 km) of coastline. The topography of Sweden flat
to rolling lowlands as well as mountains in its western areas near Norway. Its
highest point, Kebnekaise at 6,926 feet (2,111 m) is located there. The climate
of Sweden is temperate in the south and subarctic in the north.
The capital
and largest city in Sweden is Stockholm which is located on its east coast. Sweden has
a population of 9,074,055 (July 2010 estimate). It also has a strong, developed
economy.
DENMARK FLAG
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Denmark is located
in Northern Europe north of Germany. It has coastlines which cover 4,545 miles
(7,314 km) that are along the Baltic and North Seas. The total land area of
Denmark is 16,638 square miles (43,094 sq km). This area includes the mainland
of Denmark as well as two large islands that are called Sjaelland and Fyn. The
topography of Denmark consists mostly of low and flat plains. The highest point
in Denmark is Mollehoj/Ejer Bavnehoj at 561 feet (171 m), while its lowest
point is Lammefjord at -23 feet (-7 m). The climate of Denmark is mainly
temperate and it has cool but humid summers and windy, mild winters.
The capital of Denmark is
Copenhagen and the country has a population of 5,515,575 (July 2010 estimate).
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FINLAND FLAG
Finland is a
Northern European country that is located between Sweden and Russia and northern border with Norway. It covers a
total land area of 130,558 square miles (338,145 sq km) and has 776 miles
(1,250 km) of coastline. Finland has coasts along Baltic Sea, the Gulf of
Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland. The topography of Finland consists of low
rolling plains as well as many lakes. The highest point in Finland is
Haltiatunturi at 4,357 feet (1,328 m). Finland's climate is cold temperate and
as such, it is relatively mild despite its high latitude. This is
due to the moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current and many lakes.
The population of Finland is
5,255,068 (July 2010 estimate) and its capital is Helsinki.
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ICELAND FLAG
Iceland is an
island nation located in Northern Europe just south of theArctic Circle. By most accounts it is considered a
Scandinavian country. It has a total land area of 39,768 square miles (103,000
sq km) and a coastline that covers 3,088 miles (4,970 km). The topography of
Iceland is varied and it is one of the most volcanic regions in the world. As
such it has a rugged landscape with hot springs, sulphur beds, geysers, lava
fields, canyons and waterfalls. There are also many active volcanoes in
Iceland. Iceland's climate is temperate and it is moderated by the Gulf Stream. It has
mild, windy winters and wet, cool summers.
Climate Scandinavia
The climate of the Scandinavian
2000 metre mountains is typically maritime, and it is strongly influenced by
Atlantic weather systems. West weather brings with it the associated fronts,
and these are unfortunately the prevailing influence on weather in most
westerly ranges like Breheimen and Hurrungane. Rondane is one the very east of the spine of
mountains and consequently enjoys more of a continental climate. However, quite
frequently a high pressure system over Scandinavia or the Norwegian/North Seas
builds and this diverts the progress of the low pressures.
Spring
High pressure regularly builds
in the spring and late April, and May and early June are often blessed with
superb weather. However, night temperatures frequently fall below zero in the
higher valleys, especially during periods of high pressure.
By the end of May the main
valley floors are usually devoid of snow, but new snow can arrive at any time
in May, and above 1500m any time in June also. Unless there has been an
exceptionally heavy snowfall in the winter and spring May is the last
opportunity to go ski touring or make ski ascents, and June is best avoided as
it is a melting limbo-land of snow and bare patches.
Summer
The summer weather is more
mixed than the usually reliable spring. However, there are at least two long
periods where high pressure dominates for at least a week at a time during July
and August, giving fantastic conditions in near 24 hour daylight. Temperatures
during such conditions may exceed +30 celsius. However, already by the end of
August a rogue front could leave some snow on the summits, although this
usually melts rapidly.
Summer may rarely also see some
thunder storms, usually in the late afternoon and evening. A humming ice axe on
the rucksack is telling you to get off the ridge pronto.
If there is a westerly wind
during the summer months it normally brings warmer moist air in with it. This
travels along the fjords when it is forced to rise, condensing rapidly into a
thick mist. If during a summer visit the forecast is only of persistent fronts
coming in from the west, which to be fair is not that common, it might be worth
considering spending some days in north or east Jotunheimen, or even Rondane,
until the weather stabilises again, which it will.
Autumn
& Winter
September and October can be
fine months but will see the first of the winter storms and established snow on
the mountains. By late October the weather deteriorates into snow storms and
gales which often persist through to mid March. In addition there are very few
hours of daylight.
Most of the snow tends to fall
towards the end of winter when the gales are diminishing. This encourages an
even snow cover to become established in March for later spring ski tours. The
temperature is usually -10 to -15 celsius during winter but may drop to -30
celsius during the few periods of stable high pressure.
Geography and
Climate of Sweden
Sweden is a northern European country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula. Its topography consists mainly of flat or gently rolling lowlands but there are mountains in its western areas near Norway. Its highest point, Kebnekaise at 6,926 feet (2,111 m) is located here. Sweden has three main rivers which all flow into the Gulf of Bothnia. They are the Ume, the Torne and the Angerman rivers. In addition, the largest lake in Western Europe (and the third largest in Europe), Vanern, is located in the southwestern part of the country. The climate of Sweden varies based on location but it is mainly temperate in the south and subarctic in the north. In the south, summers are cool and partly cloudy, while winters are cold and usually very cloudy. Because northern Sweden is within the Arctic Circle, it has long, very cold winters. In addition, because of its northern latitude, much of Sweden stays dark for longer periods during the winter and light for more hours in the summer than more southern countries. Sweden's capital, Stockholm has a relatively mild climate because it is on the coast toward the southern part of the country. The average July high temperature in Stockholm is 71.4˚F (22˚C) and the average January low is 23˚F (-5˚C).
Geography And climate of denmark
Denmark is the smallest
Scandinavian country, consisting of the Jutland peninsula, north ofGermany, and
over 400 islands of various sizes, some inhabited and linked to the mainland by
ferry or bridge. The landscape consists mainly of low-lying, fertile
countryside broken by beech woods, small lakes and fjords. Greenland and the Faroe Islands are also under the
sovereignty of the Kingdom of Denmark, although both have home rule. The Faroe
Islands is a group of 18 islands in the North Atlantic inhabited by a
population of 48,660 (2010), whose history dates back to the Viking period.
Fishing and sheep farming are the two most important occupations. Tórshavn, the
capital of the Faroes, is served by direct flights from Copenhagen.
During the summer months, there are direct flights from Aberdeen and Glasgow, plus
a ferry connection from Lerwick.
SWEDEN ATTRACTION,,Djurgården
Djurgården is an island lying sideways to Skeppsholmen, which belongs to the eastern side of Stockholm. The word Djurgården means "Animal Garden" in Swedish, and the name originated from the fact that King Karl XI designated this area as the royal hunting grounds in the late 17th century. This is a popular area for both tourists and locals. Here you can both enjoy a museum visit as well as relaxing picnic in the park.
 Kalmar
The ancient capital of the Baltic sea where the Kalmar alliance was forged.
A small port town facing the Baltic sea where, in 1397, the Kalmar alliance was signed. The Kalmar Castle (Kalmar Slott) still stands. There is a bridge to the adjacent Öland Island, making Kalmar a hub for travelling.
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DENMARK
Dyrehaven Park
Dyrehaven Park offers a great combination of outdoor activities such as cycling, trekking and horse riding but it also holds Bakken amusement park, one of the oldest in the world. Dyrehaven is a popular retreat for both locals and tourists who seek a bit of tranquility.
Nearest station: Klampenborg
Access: 15 minutes by train from Copenhagen
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Bornholm
Bornholm is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, located to the east of Denmark, the south of Sweden, and the north of Poland. Its principal town is Rønne. The main industries on the island include fishing, arts and crafts like glass making and pottery using locally worked clay, and dairy farming. Bicycling around on the island is a popular activity to do in the summer. You can also enjoy yachting, fishing and golf. Highlights include: Hammershus Castle ruins (Hammershus Ruiner), Bornholm Museum, and Østerlars Church (Østerlars Kirke).
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København, nown to the rest of the world as Copenhagen, wonderful Copenhagen, became the capital of Denmark in 1415, but several of its fine old buildings date from the reign of King Christian IV, from the late 16th to the mid-17th century.
As well as being a great industrial and seafaring port, Copenhagen is one of Europe's most graceful cities with its copper spires and domes punctuating the skyline above the narrow streets and canals of the old town or poking up out of the greenery of its many parks. Only the foundations rkemain of the first castle, built by Bishop Absalon in 1167, in the cellars of Christiansborg Palace, seat of the Folketinget, the Danish Parliament, rebuilt for the third time on the same site in 1907–28.
Although Copenhagen became Denmark’s capital in the early 15th century, much of its expansion and several of its finest buildings date from the reign of King Christian IV in the 17th century. The city has had its share of sieges and fires, and the majority of the oldest surviving buildings are from after the last great fire of 1795. Bombardment by the English in 1807, during Denmark's alliance with Napoleon, also caused much destruction.
Most of the city’s main sights lie within walking distance of the railway station off the
Vesterbrogade Copenhagen’s famous family pleasure ground, Tivoli, with its thrilling
rides, beautiful gardens, restaurants, and sophisticated shows. Its opening on May 1 marks the official beginning of summer for the city’s residents. Not far from Tivoli is another famous fun spot, Benneweis Circus which opens around April
greenland
Greenland, the
world's largest island with an area of 840,000 square miles, is larger than the
combined area of Spain, France, Germany, and Italy.
From Cape Farewell in the south to Cape Morris Jesup in the north is 1,650 miles, and the greatest width is 690 miles. From the northernmost point it’s but 439 miles to the North Pole. Of its vast surface 86 percent is covered by the inland ice cap, which reaches heights up to 10,000 feet. The ice averages about 5,000 feet thick. At the edges it’s usually some 100 feet above sea level and throws off icebergs from its glaciers directly into the sea or into the in-reaching bays and fjords which indent the coast. Some of these more southerly glaciers move at speeds of 65 to 125 feet per day.
From Cape Farewell in the south to Cape Morris Jesup in the north is 1,650 miles, and the greatest width is 690 miles. From the northernmost point it’s but 439 miles to the North Pole. Of its vast surface 86 percent is covered by the inland ice cap, which reaches heights up to 10,000 feet. The ice averages about 5,000 feet thick. At the edges it’s usually some 100 feet above sea level and throws off icebergs from its glaciers directly into the sea or into the in-reaching bays and fjords which indent the coast. Some of these more southerly glaciers move at speeds of 65 to 125 feet per day.
Atop the ice sheet the temperatures are always low,
but in the coastal regions there’s great variation. Within the month of February,
the town of Upernivik has had temperatures as high as 60 degrees Fahrenheit and
as low as -44 degrees. Precipitation varies from as little as six inches per
year at Danmarkshavn to as much as forty-six inches at Ivigtut, and it’s almost
all snow.
Current life on the island has come from the West,
both the sparse flora and the animal life of land and sea–reindeer, fox,
caribou, polar bear, whales, seal, ptarmigan, even the native Greenlanders,
whose Eskimo ancestors came across from northern Canada.
In two areas an
ice-free coastal strip is wide enough and conditions favorable enough so that
people can live in small settlements of people can exist. In West Greenland,
really the southern stretch of the west coast, the ice retreats as much as 95
miles from the shore, and in some places islands dot the coast. In East
Greenland, about one-third of the total ice-free land, it’s 186 miles from sea
to ice at Scoresby Sound. The land is even more rugged here than in the west,
with many peaks towering over 6000 feet.
Along these two coastal strips a population of some
48,000 scatters itself in small communities–a few Eskimo, a few Danes, and a
mixture of the two called Greenlanders.
*to attract tourist found another countries come to scandinavia country.
*to attract the researcher to researce their geographycal region and climate.
*the climate difference from other countries made that interest so,tourist want to comes
*to make sure the economy stable
*increase the tourist
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